The following five points summarize Sea Otter vulnerability to oil contamination: The status of the Sea Otter population in Prince William Sound in Alaska illustrates both short-term and long-term impacts of oil contamination from a catastrophic spill. 1997). The provincial government also established the Checleset Bay Ecological Reserve in 1981, protecting 33,321 ha of marine habitat, or 3% of the Area of Occurrence for the species in Canada. Develop Sea Otter-specific measures for inclusion into catastrophic spill response programs, such as the Oiled Wildlife Regulatory Agency Working Group. [Unpublished reported prepared by J.C. Watson for] British Columbia Ministry of Water Land and Air Protection, Parks and Protected Areas Branch. 2009). Some of them could have come from Washington, Oregon or Southeast Alaska, but at least 6,000 of these came from the west coast of Vancouver Island (Fisher 1940; Rickard 1947; Mackie 1997). This shows that Canadian Pacific waters are an active waterway with heavy vessel traffic. 1997). Veterinary Pathology 30:1-11. Yunker, N. Dangerfield, and P.S. Palmisano. Conrad and J.A.K. Overall, the threat ofoil spills is considered to be a “high” level of concern because of the highly vulnerable nature of the Sea Otter to oil, and the trend of increased volume and frequency of transport of heavy oil products in Canadian Pacific waters. In 2019, the Inaugural Sea Otter Canada Festival will be held at Blue Mountain in Ontario, Canada. Changes in Alaskan soft bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation. Siniff. Oil destroys the water repellent nature of the fur. Assess the vulnerability of the Sea Otter population to oil spills by modeling spatial and temporal risk. Todesco C. 2004. The results of the SEA are incorporated directly into the plan itself, but are also summarized below. Oil contamination from a spill has both immediate and long-term effects on Sea Otters and the recovery of their populations. By 1850, Sea Otters in Canada were considered commercially extinct, and may have been ecologically extinct (i.e. vii + 36pp. 2004; Laidre et al. Silver Spring, MD. ISBN 978-1-100-23172-3 Cat. Female reproductive rates are estimated to be 0.83 to 0.94 pups per year (Siniff and Ralls 1991; Bodkin et al. Summary Field Report of a 10-day pilot study conducted May 22-31, 2010. Draft report. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, England. 2002. Although it is likely that genetic diversity of the British Columbia population is similar to the other translocated populations that Larson et al. Correlation between the threat and population viability, expert opinion, etc. The extent of disturbance of resting and foraging Sea Otters from boat traffic is largely unknown. Bodkin, B.E. Estes, J.A. The toxin responsible for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP), produced by certain dinoflagellate species, can accumulate to toxic levels in filter-feeding bivalves. 1993. Oliver, A.R. 1993, Albers and Loughlin 2003). Continuing sea otter population declines in the Aleutian Archipelago. Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) are not thought to be a significant source of mortality in British Columbia, although there is one anecdotal account of Killer Whales pursuing Sea Otters in Kyuquot Sound (Watson et al. Biological and physical dynamics of domoic acid production off the Washington coast. Rice. Development of standardized survey procedure (2001 to 2004). Red lines indicate current Sea Otter range. Wendell F.E., R.A. Hardy, J.A. Molecular Ecology 11:1899-1903. Evaluation of cardiac lesions and risk factors associated with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Ross. Sea Otters were first protected under the International Fur Seal Treaty in 1911. Figure 2. for decades were reportedly shot off the west coast of Vancouver Island between 1929 and 1930. Paralytic shellfish toxins mediate feeding behaviour of sea otters. The slowing growth rate does not appear to be attributable to disease, predation or limiting resources and may be related to illegal and legal harvest (Esslinger and Bodkin 2006). Gerber L.R., and G.R. Marine Ecology 7(1):13-20. Ballachey, A. Johnson, and J.L. Many of the conservation measures that fall under these broad strategies are currently underway (see Section 6.1 ‘Actions Already Completed or Currently Underway’). Sea Otters 1929 and 1930 vessel traffic year ( Siniff and Ralls 1991 Bodkin... Nereis ) Sea Otter-specific measures for inclusion into catastrophic spill response programs, such as the Oiled Wildlife Agency! 1850, Sea Otters and the recovery of their populations Pacific waters are an active waterway with heavy traffic. 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